TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS ( DEFINITIONS AND FUNCTIONS ONLY)

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 (THIS PAGE CONTAINS DEFINITIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ONLY

FOR WORKING OF HEART REFER-https://yournotesparadise.blogspot.com/2021/08/transportation-in-animals-working-of.html)



For the food to be absorbed by each part of the body the digested food need to be transported to every location within the body !!


TRANSPORTATION is a life process In which a substance synthesized observed in one part of the organism is carried to other parts of the body.


TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS


Before learning the mechanism involved in transportation, let us look at some basic terms to be used in transportation…



  • Circulatory System: The circulatory system is responsible for transport of various substances  in human beings. It is composed of the heart, arteries, veins and blood capillaries. Blood plays the role of the carrier of substances.


  • Heart: is a muscular organ; which is composed of cardiac muscles. It is so small that it can fit  inside and adult’s fist. The heart is a pumping organ which pumps the blood. The human heart is composed of four chambers, viz. right auricle, right ventricle, left auricle and left ventricle.


Systole: Contraction of cardiac muscles is called systole.

Diastole: Relaxation of cardiac muscles is called diastole.


Arteries: These are thick-walled blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood from the heart to different organs. Pulmonary arteries are exceptions because they carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs; where oxygenation of blood takes place.


Veins: These are thin-walled blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood from different organs to the heart. Pulmonary veins are exceptions because they carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart. Valves are present in veins to prevent backflow of blood.


Capillaries: These are the blood vessels which have THIN walls. They are extremely narrow. they form a network of capillaries. The wall of these are permeable to water and dissolved substances so that exchange of substances may take place. The blood flows very slow here to facilitate exchange of food material, gases, and waste products.



SrNo.

 

Arteries

 

V eins

1

An artery carries blood away from heart

A vein carries blood towards the heart

2

An artery is thicker than a vein

A vein is comparatively thinner

3

The Pulmonary artery carries

deoxygenated blood

The pulmonary vein carries

oxygenated blood

4

Arteries have rigid walls

Veins have comparatively thinner walls

5

Blood flows under pressure through an artery

Blood flow through vein is much calmer

6

Lumen of arteries is narrow

Lumen of veins is comparitively wider

 

About BLOOD


Blood: Blood is a connective tissue which plays the role of the carrier for various substances in the body. Blood is composed of plasma, blood cells and platelets.


Blood Plasma: Blood plasma is a pale coloured liquid which is mostly composed of water. Blood plasma forms the matrix of blood.


Blood Cells: There are two types of blood cells, viz. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and White 

Blood Cells (WBCs).


Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs): These are of red colour because of the presence of haemoglobin which is a pigment. Haemoglobin readily combines with oxygen and carbon dioxide. The transport of oxygen happens through haemoglobin. Some part of carbon dioxide 

is also transported through haemoglobin.


White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs): These are of pale white colour. They play an important role in the immunity.called soldiers of the body.


Platelets: Platelets are responsible for blood coagulation. Blood coagulation is a defense mechanism which prevents excess loss of blood; in case of an injury.


Plasma: Plasma is fluid which contains  plasma proteins and all above components of blood.


Lymph: Lymph is similar to blood but RBCs are absent in lymph. Lymph is formed from the fluid which leaks from blood capillaries and goes to the intercellular spaces in the tissues. This fluid is collected through lymph vessels and finally returns to the blood capillaries. Lymph also 

plays an important role in the immune system.


Double Circulation: In the human heart, blood passes through the heart twice in one cardiac cycle. This type of circulation is called double circulation. One complete heart beat in which all the chambers of the heart contract and relax once is called cardiac cycle. The heart beats about 72 times per minute in a normal adult.


 Double circulation ensures complete segregation of 

oxygenated and deoxygenated blood which is necessary for optimum energy production in warm-blooded animals.



In one cardiac cycle, the heart pumps out 70 mL blood and thus about 4900 mL blood in a minute.

Functions òf circulatory system



  1. Circulation of blood is responsible for transportation of soluble digested food from small intestine to various parts of the body.


  1. Blood carries soluble excretory materials such as urea to organs of excretion   ( Urea is made in liver and transported to kidney).


  1.  Blood carries hormones from endocrine glands to target organs.


  1.  Circulation of blood helps to maintain a constant body temperature


  1.  Blood transports oxygen from lungs to all parts of the body


  1. Blood carries carbon dioxide produced by tissues to lungs for breathing out.


  1.  Blood has property of clotting


  1.  The white blood cells at as soldiers of the body  by killing bacteria and other germs. 



FOR WORKING OF HEART and BLOOD CLOTTING REFER-https://yournotesparadise.blogspot.com/2021/08/transportation-in-animals-working-of.html)

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